Direct Speech (Kalimat
Langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara.Sedangkan
Indirect Speech/ Reported Speech (Kalimat
Tak Langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-kata si
pembicara kepada orang lain.Jadi, Indirect Speech digunakan bila kita ingin
melaporkan kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung.
Direct
& Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu :
1.Statement
(pernyataan)
2.Command (perintah)
3.Question
(pertanyaan)
1.STATEMENT
(Pernyataan)
Dalam Indirect
Statement kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat
pengantar (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words).
Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam indirect statement ialah :
He said
He said to me that + reported words
He told me
Example :
1.Amy told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.”
2.My Uncle said “I am going out
of town tomorrow”
3.Amy told Budi “my father warned
me last night”
Menjadi :
1.Amy told her friends that she
had been to Bali twice.
2.My Uncle said that he was going
out of town the following day.
3.Amy told John that her father
had arned her the night before.
2.COMMAND
(Perintah)
Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua)
bagian yaitu :
1.
Positive Command (Perintah Positive)
Dalam perintah
positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung
antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat
pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah :
to + infinitive
He asked me
He told me
Example :
- He asked me “Open the dor” menjadi - He asked me to open the dor.
-
Mary told me “Stop talking to Jane” menjadi -
Mary told me to stop talking to Jane.
2.
Negative Command(Perintah Negative)
Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan.
Example :
- Amy told Budi “Don’t wait for
me” menjadi - Mary told John not to wait for
her.
-
I told him “Don’t mention it to anyone” menjadi -
I told him not to mention it to anyone.
3.QUESTION
(Pertanyaan)
Bila pertanyaan
langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya 5W+1H ( Where, When,
Why, What, Who, How), dll, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung
dalam reported Speech. Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha menjadi bentuk
positif. Kalimat pengantarnya ialah :
Example :
- The man asked me : “Where do school
?”
- The man asked me where I school.
-
John asked Mary : “Why do you get angry with me ?”
-
John asked Mary why she got angry with him.
Bila pertanyaan
langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan pertanyaan
dalam bentuk “Yes & No Question”, maka kita menggunakan kata-kata if,
whether (jika, apakah) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan
pertanyaan yang dilaporkan.
Example :
- The boy asked John : “Does Mary
live near here?”
- The boy asked John if Mary
lived near there.
-
The teacher asked her : “Have you finish your homework ?”
-
The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.
# Baik if
maupun whether dapat digunakan bergantian
Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu
dari Direct ke Indirect Speech :
- To be & Auxiliary Verbs
Direct - Indirect
Am/is/are - was/were
Shall/will - should/would
Can - could
May - might
Must - might
Have/has to - had to
Ought to - had
to
- Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat)
Direct - Indirect
Now - then
Tomorrow - the
following day
next week - the
following week
tonight - that
night
today - that
day
yesterday - the
day before
last night - the
night before
last week - the
week before, the precious week
here - there
this - that
these - that
- Tenses
Direct - Indirect
Simple present - simple past
Present perfect - past perfect
Present continuous - past continous
Present perfect continous - past perfect continous
Simple future - past future
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